The invention provides a coilbox operation control method and system, and belongs to the technical field of steel rolling. The operation control method comprises the following steps: detection missingsignals returned by a first heat metal detector, a second heat metal detector, a third heat metal detector, a fourth heat metal detector, a fifth heat metal detector and a sixth heat metal detector are obtained; when the detected detection missing signals are accordant with preset first operation conditions, corresponding operation control instructions are sent according to the detection missingsignals, and the operation control instructions are used for indicating coilboxes to operate according to preset modes; and when the detected detection missing signals are accordant with preset secondoperation conditions, an alarm is given to prompt workers to intervene. The operation control method solves the problems of product differences and weak quality caused by incapability of quantitatively controlling the process due to subjective differences in manual identification in the prior art.