The invention discloses preparation of a fibrous catalyst loaded with metal nanoparticles and application. The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding metal salt into a solution system containing trihydroxy methyl aminomethane, fiber and dopamine hydrochloride to obtain mixed solution, then stirring, polymerizing dopamine to obtain polydopamine, wrapping fiber with the polydopamine, and simultaneously loading the metal nanoparticles; then, carrying out heat annealing treatment under the atmosphere of inertial gas to prepare a fiber@nitrogen-doped carbon metal compound material, namely the fibrous catalyst loaded with metal nanoparticles. The preparation and the application disclosed by the invention have the beneficial effects that by setting of a whole process flow of thepreparation method and improvement on reaction conditions and parameters of all key process steps, the activity and the cycling stability of the loaded nano-metal catalyst can be effectively improved.