The invention provides a preparation method of a porous foam ceramic material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide, polyethylene oxide and water, and stirring; (2) adding silicon nitride, silicon nitride, nano titanium nitride, aluminum oxide, superfine spherical aluminum powder, calcium carbonate, tin oxide, silicon powder, electrolytic nickel powder, yttria, calcium stearate and molybdenum disulfide, stirring and feeding into a ball mill for ball milling; (3) adding sodium lignin sulfonate and polyvinyl alcohol, and stirring at high speed; (4) adding ammonium sulfate and stirring continuously; (5) injecting into a mould for curing and molding, and dumping; (6) heating a sample to 1,700-1,800 DEG C at a speed of10 DEG C per minute under nitrogen protection; sintering at 1,700-1,800 DEG C to obtain the porous foam ceramic material. The porous foam ceramic material prepared in the invention has the advantagesof medium water absorption, compact structure and good compressive property.