The invention discloses a friction material prepared through a 3D printing device. Metal powder is proportioned from, by mass, 40-60% of Cu, 5-30% of Fe, 1-15% of Sn, 0-10% of Cr, 0-8% of Cr-Fe, 5-10%of SiO2 and 3-15% of Al2O3. A lubricating component is proportioned from, by mass, 0-6% of MoS2 and 5-12% of graphite. According to the friction material prepared through the 3D printing device, thepowder metallurgy friction material is prepared through a 3D layered printing method. The method mainly includes the following steps that the multi-nozzle 3D printing device is adopted, raw materialsin all feeding boxes are controlled, according to the certain proportion, through a plurality of nozzles, the needed powder is printed layer by layer or horizontally laid in a cold-pressing mold, after the printing size meets the requirement, the mold is placed in a cold-pressing forming machine to be subjected to pressing forming and then placed in a hot-pressing sintering machine to be sintered,and the mold can also be directly subjected to hot-pressing sintering. According to the friction material prepared through the 3D printing device, the powder metallurgy friction material of any proportion can be prepared and structurally controlled, and the prepared friction material has the advantages of being uniform in structure, stable in friction coefficient, small in abrasion loss and the like.