The invention discloses an automatic cooling system for a high-rise building security and protection rescue capsule. The automatic cooling system for the high-rise building security and protection rescue capsule comprises a capsule body, a movable top cover, at least one semiconductor refrigeration module, an electric push rod, a fan, a temperature sensor, a control module, a display module and a power source module. The movable top cover is arranged above the capsule body, makes contact with the capsule body, but is not fixed to the capsule body, and is in a shell shape; the electric push rod is embedded in the top of the capsule body, is vertically upward, and extends out to jack the movable top cover; the semiconductor refrigeration modules are embedded in the top of the capsule body, the refrigeration faces are downward, the heat dissipation faces are upward, and the semiconductor refrigeration modules are arranged around the electric push rod; the fan is installed on the side of the top of the capsule body and helps the heat dissipation faces of the semiconductor refrigeration modules to dissipate heat; the temperature sensor measures the temperature inside the capsule body; the display module displays the temperature inside the capsule body and gives out a temperature alarm; and the control module controls the semiconductor refrigeration modules to adjust the temperature, controls the electric push rod to lift or put down the movable top cover and controls the fan to assist in dissipating heat. The automatic cooling system for the high-rise building security and protection rescue capsule automatically controls the temperature inside the capsule and gives out a high-temperature alarm.