The invention relates to a fixture for production of cutting tools and a rod plane verticality detection device and method. The fixture comprises a positioning seat, a compressing mechanism and a clamping mechanism; the positioning seat is provided with a positioning groove for holding two rods to be processed; the compressing mechanism compresses the two rods; the clamping mechanism abuts end faces, to be processed, of the two rods. The detection device comprises the fixture, a microscopic observation unit and a cross sliding table for positioning an operating table. The detection method is based on the detection device; the relative position of the outer edge of an end face, to be processed, of a rod to a cross line of the microscopic observation unit is adjusted to record displacement data of the cross sliding table; the displacement data are calculated to obtain plane verticality of the rod. Through the cooperation of the positioning groove with the compressing mechanism and the clamping mechanism, it is possible to provide three-dimensional clamping and positioning for two rods to be processed, and ensure processing quality and detection accuracy; by adjusting the position of the operating table via the cross sliding table and cooperating with the microscopic observation unit, it is possible to quickly and accurately detect the plane verticality of the rods.