The invention relates to an alkane ammonia oxidation catalyst, mainly aiming at solving the problems that in the prior art, catalysts are low in yield and poor in selectivity. The alkane ammonia oxidation catalyst is a composite oxide catalyst Mo1.00VaBbCcDdOx which contains alkaline earth metal elements, wherein B is at least one of Mg, Ca, Ba and Sr; C is at least one of Te, Sb, Zr, Mn, Ti and Bi; D is at least one of W, Nb, Zn, Pb, Ce and La; the value range of a is 0.1-1.0, the value range of b is 0.01-1.0, the value range of c is 0.01-1.0, and the value range of d is 0.01-1.0; x is total number of oxygen atoms needed by meeting the valences of all elements in the catalyst. The alkane ammonia oxidation catalyst better solves the problems, and can be used for industrial production of unsaturated nitrile prepared by means of light alkane ammonia oxidation.