The invention discloses a dust collection device for rice husk gasification power generation. The dust collection device comprises a rice husk decomposition furnace, wherein a gas outlet of the rice husk decomposition furnace is connected with a gas inlet of a chaff charcoal collector through a first pipe; a gas outlet of the chaff charcoal collector is connected with the gas inlet of a spray tower through a second pipe; the gas outlet of the spray tower is connected with the gas inlet of a dryer through a fourth pipe; and the fourth pipe is connected with a high pressure blower. The invention aims at providing the dust collection device for rice husk gasification power generation, a combustible gas generated after cracking the rice husk in a gasifier can be filtered, microparticles such as chaff charcoal and the like in the gas are collected, so that resources are saved, and meanwhile, the quality of the gas is improved.