The invention provides a wavelength conversion element, an illumination device, a projector, and a method of manufacturing wavelength conversion element. The wavelength conversion element (41) according to the invention includes: a base material (411); a wavelength conversion layer (412) supported by one surface of the base material (411) and containing a wavelength conversion material and an inorganic binder; a light transmitting layer (413) provided in a side of the wavelength conversion layer (412) opposite to the base material (411) and made of an inorganic material; and an antireflection film (414) provided in a side of the light transmitting layer (413) opposite to the wavelength conversion layer (412).