The invention provides an energy-saving high-supportability LED long-afterglow device luminescent system, comprising a direct power supply (1), an energy storage power supply (2), a switching power supply controller (3), a driving control circuit (4), a control module (5), an LED long-afterglow luminescent device (6) and a charge-discharge control circuit (7) which are connected together through circuits according to needs. The system not only has a luminescent function of a conventional LED but also has a luminescent function of a long-afterglow material. An aim of saving energy is achieved by virtue of intermittent power supply for the LED long-afterglow luminescent device (6); and by performing grading detection on the capacity of the energy storage power supply (2) and adopting a corresponding period and duty ratio or power to supply power to the LED long-afterglow luminescent device (6), the luminescent time delay of the luminescent system and the afterglow brightness of the long-afterglow material are improved to the utmost extent, so that the luminescent supportability can be improved, and specifically, the luminescent system has unique advantages especially in military application.