The invention relates to a structure and method for adjusting the lengthwise air-flow distribution of a coke oven by synergizing the upper part with the lower part. The structure comprises a lower part adjusting plate structure which is arranged at the top of small flue and the bottom of a regenerative chamber, and an upper adjusting brick structure which is arranged at the top of a chute and the bottom of a combustion chamber; the upper adjusting brick structure is used for coarsely adjusting the lengthwise air-flow of a coke oven and consists of upper adjusting holes and adjusting bricks, and the size of air-flow channels of the upper adjusting holes is adjusted by increasing and reducing the number of adjusting bricks or replacing different models of adjusting bricks; the lower adjusting plate structure is used for finely adjusting the lengthwise air-flow of the coke oven and consists of lower adjusting holes and adjusting plates, and the size of air-flow channels of the lower adjusting holes is adjusted by adjusting the openness of holes in the adjusting plates. According to the structure, the upper part is coarsely adjusted by the adjusting bricks, and the lower part is finely adjusted by the adjusting plates, and accurate adjustment of lengthwise heating uniformity of the coke oven can be realized by synergizing the upper part with the lower part. The structure is simple, is easy to implement and convenient to operate, and has a remarkable effect.