The invention discloses a heat exchanging two stage coal charging and coke pushing machine for a coke oven. The machine comprises the following components: a main structural system which comprises a steel structural platform and a walking device fixedly connected to the lower surface of the steel structural platform; a coal charging system which comprises a belt conveyor for coal handling, a bucket elevation device, a retractable coal feeding device and a charged coal dedusting device; a coke pushing system which comprises a coke pushing device, a pushed coke dedusting device, a door cleaning device, a door fetching device, a frame cleaning device, a head-and-rear coke collection device and a furnace platform cleaning system; a ground fixed device which comprises a ground coal belt conveyor fixedly positioned on the ground where the coke is pushed and a ground dedusting pipeline. The present invention also discloses a two stage coal charging and coke pushing method for the machine which can position and complete all the processes of charging coal, pushing coke, feeding material, collecting dust and cleaning furnace altogether. The method has the advantage of being simple in operation and high in equipment working efficiency.