The invention discloses a high-capacity oil shale dry distillation cylindrical furnace with a star-shaped arch style gas distribution device. The furnace comprises a furnace body, wherein an oil gas outlet header, a compound array umbrella material distribution device, a hot gas distribution pipe and a cold gas distribution pipe are arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom in sequence, the compound array umbrella material distribution device comprises a feeding pipe, and the feeding pipe penetrates through the oil gas outlet header to be connected with the discharging end of a spiral feeder; a center array umbrella is installed below the feeding pipe through a suspension rod, a plurality of surrounding array umbrellas are installed around the center array umbrella through suspension rods, and the center array umbrella and the surrounding array umbrellas are communicated with the oil gas outlet header through air guiding pipes respectively; the two ends of the hot gas distribution pipe penetrate through the two sides of the furnace body to be connected with hot gas inlet headers, and the two ends of the cold gas distribution pipe penetrate through the two sides of the furnace body to be connected with cold gas inlet headers. According to the furnace, oil yield is about 85-95%, discharged semicoke heats circulating gas through combustion of a circulating fluidized bedboiler, energy is utilized, and gas is distributed more uniformly.