The invention discloses an antistatic high-roughness silica aerogel polyurethane composite thermal insulation wall board prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of oxidized starch, 1-1.5 parts of swill-cooked dirty oil, 4-5 parts of polyvinyl acetate, 2.4-2.8 parts of polyphenyleneoxide sulfonic lithium, 100-105 parts of porous ceramic balls, 100 parts of water glass, a proper amount of Span-80, a proper amount of Tween-80, a proper amount of 1 mol/L ammonia water, a proper amount of acetone, a proper amount of ethanol, 90-94 parts of polyether polyol DSU-365, 0.5-0.54 part of triethanolamine, 15-16 parts of water, 0.75-0.9 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, and 100-110 parts of polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate. Through the use of the oxidized starch, swill-cooked dirty oil, polyvinyl acetate and polyphenyleneoxide sulfonic lithium, the antistatic property, rebound resilience and toughness of polyurethane foams are improved.