The invention discloses a coal pyrolysis device and circulating fluidized bed combined system and a coal processing method. The coal pyrolysis device and circulating fluidized bed combined system comprises a quick pyrolysis reactor, a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolytic oil gas processing system. The quick pyrolysis reactor comprises a plurality of heat storage type radiation tubes, a semicoke outlet and an exhaust umbrella. The exhaust umbrella comprises an umbrella part and a handle part which are communicated through gas. The circulating fluidized bed is communicated with the quick pyrolysis reactor through the semicoke outlet. The pyrolytic oil gas processing system is communicated with the quick pyrolysis reactor through the handle part of the exhaust umbrella. By means of the coal pyrolysis device and circulating fluidized bed combined system and the coal processing method, complexity of the coal pyrolysis technology can be effectively reduced, the dust content of subsequent tar is reduced, and tar processing cost is reduced. Meanwhile, pyrolysis products are reasonably used, and power generation cost is reduced.