A surface-treated steel sheet of the present invention includes: a base steel sheet; a surface treatment layer which is formed on at least one surface of the base steel sheet and includes an oxide layer and a metal layer; and a chemical conversion layer which is formed on a surface of the surface treatment layer. The surface treatment layer contains Zn in an adhered amount of 0.30 g/m2 to 2.00 g/m2 and Ni in an adhered amount of 0.03 g/m2 to 2.00 g/m2, which is equal to or lower than the adhered amount of Zn. In a case of performing a glow discharge spectrometry, at an interface between the oxide layer and the metal layer, an emission intensity of Fe atoms is 20% or less of the maximum emission intensity of the Fe atoms, and the emission intensity of Ni atoms is 20% or less of the maximum emission intensity of the Ni atoms. In addition, a first range in which the emission intensity of Zn atoms is 60% or higher of the maximum emission intensity of the Zn atoms and a second range in which the emission intensity of the Ni atoms is 60% or higher of the maximum emission intensity of the Ni atoms overlap.