A pyrolysis test device comprises a gas supply unit, a pyrolysis unit and a pyrolysis gas purification unit, wherein the pyrolysis unit comprises a pyrolysis retort body located in a heating device, and a pyrolysis gas outlet pipe is arranged on the pyrolysis retort body; the pyrolysis gas purification unit comprises a tar collecting flask, a first solvent absorption flask, a second solvent absorption flask and a gas purification flask which are communicated sequentially, the first solvent absorption flask is filled with a first absorption liquid, the second solvent absorption flask is filled with a second absorption liquid, and the gas purification flask is filled with a gas purification material. According to the pyrolysis test device, a method of first reaction and second solvent absorption is adopted, and pyrolysis tar is completely recovered; a gas inlet pipe is communicated with the pyrolysis retort body, gas is introduced into the pyrolysis retort body, and secondary reaction of volatile components in the sample pyrolysis process can be effectively reduced; the pyrolysis test device is particularly suitable for devices for studying the yield of pyrolytic semi-coke/char, tar and pyrolysis gas of different materials during the laboratory test. Compared with a pyrolysis device in the prior art, the pyrolysis test device improves the yield of tar, semicoke and pyrolysis gas.