The invention provides a protection plate fixing device and method during replacement of a coke oven column. The fixing device comprises a bracket and an adjusting structure, wherein the first end of the bracket is used for being fixed on a normal oven column, the second end of the bracket is used for extending to the outer side of a protection plate fixed by a to-be-replaced oven column; the bracket is used for being arranged on the outer side of the protection plate; and the adjusting structure is arranged at the second end of the bracket and is used for pressing against the outer side of the protection plate and adjusting the pressure applied to the protection plate. When the oven column is replaced, the oven column fixed protection plate can be effectively replaced, the operation is convenient, the structure is simple, the pressure applied to the protection plate is adjustable, and the coke oven production is not influenced.