The invention discloses a drainage structure of an underground coal mine. The drainage structure comprises two paths of drainage pipes and a micro control system, wherein a pipeline I and a pipeline III are connected between the two paths of drainage pipes; the pipeline I and the pipeline III are provided with two drainage valves respectively; a centrifugal pump water outlet is connected between the two drainage valves on the pipeline I through a pipeline II; the pipeline II is provided with a flow meter, a check valve and an electric gate valve; a jet pump water outlet is connected between the two drainage valves on the pipeline III through a pipeline IV; the pipeline IV is provided with a water injection valve; the tail ends of the pipeline II and the pipeline IV are connected through an exhaust valve; a centrifugal pump water inlet end is connected with a water suction pipe; the other end of the water suction pipe is provided with a water filter; the jet pump water inlet end is connected with the water suction pipe; the centrifugal pump is electrically connected with a motor; a motor shell is provided with the micro control system. Start and stop of the intelligent control water pump can be realized, well conditions can be timely fed back to a control center, the potential safety hazard is avoided, the control reliability is high, the working stability is high, and the generalization and the use are facilitated.