The invention discloses a digital radiological imaging exposure dose evaluation method. The method comprises the steps that multiple exposure images under different exposure currents are collected, and the exposure dose (Dosei) corresponding to each exposure image is recorded; the slope (Slop) and the offset (Offset) in the linear fitting process of the gray average (Meani) and the corresponding exposure dose (Dosei) of each exposure image are determined according to the linear fitting formula: Dosei=Slop*Meani+Offset; a region of interest is extracted from the exposure image to be evaluated, the interest value (Value) of the region of interest is calculated, and the exposure index (EI) is calculated according to the formula EI=Slop*Value+Offset; the exposure deviation index (DI) is calculated according to the formula: , wherein EIT refers to a preset target exposure index, and it is indicated that the exposure dose is high when the exposure deviation index (DI) is positive and the exposure dose is low when the exposure deviation index (DI) is negative. According to the digital radiological imaging exposure dose evaluation method, the exposure dose is evaluated objectively and quantitatively by calculating the exposure deviation index (DI), so that subsequent adjustment of exposure parameters is facilitated, and the images with a proper exposure dose are obtained.