The invention relates to an air bag pressing and pasting device for a rock stratum small-caliber vertical shaft inner wall positioning piece. The air bag pressing and pasting device is composed of a casing pipe, an air bag, a top block and the positioning piece, wherein fan-shaped slotted holes are formed in the casing pipe, the air bag is arranged in the casing pipe, and the positioning piece and the top block are connected mutually, arranged in the fan-shaped slotted holes formed in the casing pipe from outside to inside and make contact with the air bag in the casing pipe. The air bag is inflated to be swelled to push and squeeze the top block and the positioning piece to move outwards, after the positioning piece touches the vertical shaft inner wall, a flat thin liner which contains a high-strength adhesion agent and is pasted on the outer side of the positioning piece cracks, the high-strength adhesion agent overflows and firmly pastes the positioning piece on a preset position on the vertical shaft wall, and two protrusions, in an inner cavity of the casing pipe, of the top block stop the top block from being squeezed out of the casing pipe. After the positioning piece is firmly pasted, air pressure is relieved, the casing pipe, the top block and the air bag are withdrawn from a vertical shaft, and the work of pasting the positioning piece is completed.