The invention provides a method and a device for identifying a shale oil deposit effective reservoir. The method comprises the following steps: collecting logging data and core data of an interest interval; determining a content of organic carbon of shale of the interest interval according to the logging data and the core data; determining a rock brittleness index of the shale of the interest interval according to the logging data and the core data; determining a formation pressure coefficient of the shale of the interest interval according to the logging data and the core data; determining weighted values corresponding to the content of the organic carbon, the rock brittleness index and the formation pressure coefficient according to oil well data and oil deposit capacity which are stored in advance; and identifying the shale oil deposit effective reservoir according to the weighted values, the content of the organic carbon, the rock brittleness index and the formation pressure coefficient. Through the method and the device, actual production requirement of fracturing effective intervals in exploration and development of the shale oil deposit effective reservoir are met.