The invention discloses a concrete joint water stop structure, and belongs to the field of waterproof technologies of concrete buildings. The water stop structure comprises pre-buried anchor holes, adhesives, rubber waterstop, a section steel pressing plate, bolts and a sealing structure; wherein the pre-buried anchor holes are preburied in a concrete structure, the rubber waterstop adheres to the surface of a concrete joint water stop channel through the adhesives, the section steel pressing plate adheres to the upper surface of the rubber waterstop through the adhesives, the bolts penetrates through the section steel pressing plate and the rubber waterstop and are fastened with the pre-buried anchor holes, and the sealing structure is arranged between the rubber waterstop and the concrete joint water stop channel. The invention further discloses a construction method of the concrete joint water stop structure. Compared with the prior art, the concrete joint water stop structure has the advantages of being simple in construction, good in water stop effect and the like.