The invention relates to a split nested high-elasticity rail fastener which comprises an insulation buffering nested ring. An embedded type plate lower elastic base plate and an embedded type son iron base plate are sequentially nested in an inner cavity of the insulation buffering nested ring in a laminated mode from bottom to top, a mother iron base plate is nested into the insulation buffering nested ring, and the fastening and pressing edge of the mother iron base plate is fastened and pressed on the fastening and pressing position of the embedded son iron base plate through a flange of the insulation buffering nested ring. The embedded type plate lower elastic base plate comprises a basic elastic base plate, through holes are formed in the basic elastic base plate, and elastic columns with heights different from the thickness of the basic elastic base plate are arranged in the through holes in a penetrating mode. The fastener is excellent in vibration and noise reduction effect, the split nested type structure is simple and reliable, and the fastener is convenient to disassemble and assemble, easy to install and replace, easy to maintain and repair and low in use cost and maintenance and repair cost.