The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry resource waste utilization and relates to a crop straw and wood producing waste material mixing and artificial board manufacturing method, in particular to a wheat straw/wood shaving composite artificial board preparing method. Collected wheat straw is subjected to technical processes like impurity removing and dedusting, is then cut into small segments, is then soaked in a NaOH solution with silane coupling agents added under a certain temperature and processed for a certain period and then is picked out and dried to have certain moisture content, wheat straw which has been subjected to composite preprocessing is smashed and screened and then is mixed with dedusted and screened wood processing shaving waste materials in a certain proportion, phenolic resin adhesives are added to the mixture and stirred evenly, and then paving, pre-pressing and hot pressing are carried out to obtain the wheat straw/wood shaving composite artificial board. The surface performance of the wheat straw having been subjected to composite processing is obviously improved, the wetting effect is good, technologies of the preprocessing method are simple, equipment investment is small, and cost is substantially reduced because isocyanate adhesives used in the conventional technologies are replaced by the phenolic resin adhesives.