The invention discloses a system and a method for controlling the power consumption of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps of: detecting working temperature and/or the working current of a power interface, and judging whether the working temperature exceeds the maximum temperature threshold or not and/or whether the working current exceeds the maximum current threshold or not; and if detecting that the working temperature exceeds the maximum temperature threshold and/or the working current exceeds the maximum current threshold, reducing the power consumption of a radio-frequency power amplifier or reducing the power consumption of a base-band part. The system and the method solve the problem that the power consumption of a broad-band mobile communication terminal cannot be effectively controlled on various application occasions, and adjust the power consumption of the terminal in real time by detecting the working current and the working temperature without adding the hardware structure of the terminal or increasing the software algorithm complexity so as to meet the requirements of the limit on the maximum current of various interface protocols and the limit on the shell temperature of various terminal structures.