The invention relates to analysis of object dyed with fluorescent colouring agents carried out with the aid of a fluorescent microscope. The microscope comprises an optical system for visualising and projecting a sample image to a video camera, a computer for recording and processing images, a sample holder arranged in front of an object lens and a fluorescent radiation exciting source. The separately fluorescent visible molecules and nanoparticles are periodically formed in different object part. A laser produces the oscillation thereof which is sufficient for recording the nonoverlapping images of said molecules and nanoparticles and for decolouring already recorded fluorescent molecules. The pictures of recorded individual molecule and nanoparticle images are processed by a computer for searching the co-ordinates of the stain centres and building the object image according to the calculated co-ordinates of the stain centres corresponding to the co-ordinates of the individual fluorescent molecules and nanoparticles. Said invention makes it possible to obtain a two- and three-dimensional image with a resoling power better than 20 nm and to record a colour image by dyeing proteins, nucleic acids and lipids with different colouring agents.